Do winter months pose a higher risk for cardiac events? Dr Varun Bansal, senior consultant, cardiology and cardiothoracic surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, says winter months often present increased risk for cardiac events due to various factors affecting the cardiovascular system. Several studies have highlighted a correlation between colder weather and a higher incidence of heart-related issues. The drop in temperature can lead to vasoconstriction, causing blood vessels to constrict and potentially increase blood pressure. This change can be particularly taxing on individuals with existing heart conditions or compromised cardiovascular health. Additionally, cold weather can prompt physiological responses such as increased heart rate and blood clotting tendencies, both of which can exacerbate the risk of heart attacks or strokes.
Moreover, during winter, people tend to be less physically active, which can contribute to weight gain and higher cholesterol levels. Dietary habits may also change, with individuals consuming more calorie-dense or high-fat foods during the holiday season, potentially impacting heart health
Furthermore, seasonal variations might influence other health factors like respiratory infections. Infections such as the flu can strain the cardiovascular system, especially in those with pre-existing heart conditions, potentially increasing the risk of cardiac events. Additionally, decreased exposure to sunlight during winter months may lead to lower levels of vitamin D, which has been associated with increased cardiovascular risks. It is crucial for individuals, especially those with existing heart conditions, to take precautions during winter. This includes staying physically active, maintaining a heart-healthy diet, managing stress and ensuring proper medication adherence.
What precautions should susceptible people take in the cold—in terms of lifestyle
For individuals susceptible to the effects of cold weather on their health, especially those with underlying medical conditions, several precautions can help mitigate potential risks:
- Dressing warmly and in layers helps maintain body temperature and prevents heat loss.
- Minimise time spent outdoors in extreme cold, especially in cases of severe weather.
- Engage in indoor exercises to maintain physical activity levels.
- Intense physical activity in cold weather can strain the heart. Moderate exercise is advisable, especially for individuals with heart conditions.
- Consume a well-balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins and whole grains.
- Despite the cold, staying hydrated is essential. Dehydration can impact circulation and overall health.
- Alcohol can dilate blood vessels, leading to heat loss.
- Ensure adherence to prescribed medications, particularly for heart conditions.
- Consider supplements under medical guidance to maintain adequate levels of vitamin D, especially when sunlight exposure is limited.
Are older people at any particularly higher risk for cardiac events in the cold?
Older individuals often face an increased risk of cardiac events during cold weather due to various physiological changes that come with aging. Aging is associated with changes in blood vessels, including reduced elasticity and flexibility, which can impact blood flow regulation. In cold weather, vasoconstriction occurs to conserve body heat. For older adults, this can strain the heart as it works harder to pump blood through constricted vessels, potentially increasing the risk of heart-related issues like angina, heart attacks or strokes. Aging also often coincides with a higher prevalence of underlying health conditions such as hypertension, diabetes and heart disease. Cold weather can exacerbate these conditions.
