How does the body process extra sugar?

Contrary to popular belief, your body doesn’t require a specific amount of added sugar. However, it does rely on glucose, a simple sugar, as its primary fuel source for cells, according to Kanikka Malhotra, a clinical nutritionist and diabetes educator. This glucose is primarily derived from carbohydrates in your diet, but your liver can also manufacture some on its own.

The difference between sugar processing in healthy and diabetic individuals

Though your body only needs 5 grams of sugar in the form of glucose, it’s important to understand that the difference in sugar processing goes beyond a simple number. The key lies in how the body handles the sugar, said Malhotra.

In a healthy person, insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, acts like a key, unlocking the door for glucose to enter cells and be used for energy.

In someone with diabetes, either the body doesn’t produce enough insulin, or the cells become resistant to its effects. This leads to a buildup of sugar in the bloodstream, a condition known as hyperglycemia.

Where does excess sugar go?

By understanding how your body processes sugar and taking steps to maintain glucose homeostasis, you can make informed dietary choices and enjoy a healthier, more balanced life. (Source: Freepik)

When you consume excessive sugar, your body prioritises using it for energy, explained Malhotra. The liver can store some of this glucose as glycogen, a readily available energy source.

However, if overloaded, the excess sugar gets converted into fat and stored throughout the body. She said this can contribute to weight gain and increase your risk of developing chronic health problems like heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers.

Maintaining glucose homeostasis: A balancing act

Glucose homeostasis refers to the body’s intricate process of keeping blood sugar levels within a healthy range. According to Malhotra, this delicate balance is achieved through the interplay of hormones like insulin and glucagon, along with factors like liver function and dietary choices.

The good news is that you can actively support healthy glucose homeostasis through some key lifestyle modifications:

Eat a Balanced Diet: Focus on whole, unprocessed foods like fruits, vegetables, complex carbohydrates (whole grains, legumes), lean protein, and healthy fats. These provide sustained energy and help regulate blood sugar levels.

Maintain a Healthy Weight: Excess body weight can contribute to insulin resistance. Losing even a modest amount of weight can significantly improve blood sugar control.

Get Regular Exercise: Physical activity helps your body utilize glucose more effectively, promoting healthy blood sugar levels.

By understanding how your body processes sugar and taking steps to maintain glucose homeostasis, you can make informed dietary choices and enjoy a healthier, more balanced life.