New Delhi: Five years after the COVID-19 pandemic, a surge in respiratory illnesses in China, particularly the emergence of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) among children under 14, is raising concerns and prompting global attention. As winter sets in, reports suggest that China’s healthcare system is overwhelmed by rising respiratory cases, with multiple viruses—including HMPV, influenza A, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and COVID-19—circulating simultaneously.
HMPV, a common respiratory virus previously reported in outbreaks in the U.S., Canada, and Europe during 2011-12, is known to cause flu-like symptoms such as cough, fever, nasal congestion, and sore throat. While the virus typically results in mild illness, it poses a higher risk of severe conditions, including pneumonia and bronchiolitis, in vulnerable groups such as young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.
Meanwhile, the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) has assured that they are closely monitoring reports of the HMPV outbreak in China.
Atul Goel, Director-General of Health Services (DGHS), said, “HMPV is like any other respiratory virus that causes flu-like symptoms, mostly in the elderly and children,” adding that respiratory illnesses are common during winters and that hospitals in India are equipped to manage them.
“Special medicines are not needed because there are no antiviral drugs for this virus. There are no major cases in hospitals or as per Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) data,” he added.
Speaking to ETHealthworld, a few expert doctors emphasized there is no cause for panic.
Dr. Ravi Shekhar Jha, Director and Pulmonologist at Fortis Escorts, Faridabad, said, “There is absolutely no need to panic, as this virus has been in circulation for many years. Unlike the COVID-19 virus, the genetic makeup of this virus is well-known.”
The virus spreads through respiratory droplets, direct contact with infected individuals, or contact with contaminated surfaces. Its incubation period typically ranges from three to six days after exposure.
Symptoms, while generally mild, can escalate in certain groups. Dr. Sunil Kumar K, Lead Consultant, Interventional Pulmonology, Aster CMI Hospital, Bangalore, explains, “HMPV primarily causes respiratory symptoms similar to influenza and COVID-19, including fever, cough, nasal congestion, and shortness of breath. In severe cases, especially among young children and the elderly, it can lead to bronchiolitis or pneumonia.”
Preventive strategies remain the cornerstone of managing the spread of HMPV, particularly in the absence of a vaccine or specific antiviral treatments. Dr. Sunil Kumar advises, “Preventive strategies include maintaining good hand hygiene, wearing masks in crowded places, and practicing respiratory etiquette, such as covering coughs and sneezes. Given the absence of a vaccine, these measures are crucial in controlling the spread of the virus.”
Dr. Umang Agrawal, Infectious Diseases Consultant, P.D. Hinduja Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, highlighted the mild nature of the virus for most individuals. “The symptoms of HMPV are similar to those of any other viral infection of the respiratory system. While most cases are self-limiting, it can cause severe disease in certain groups, such as the very elderly, very young, or immunocompromised patients,” he said. He also noted, “In India, the number of cases has not gone up significantly, and there doesn’t seem to be any cause for alarm at present.”
Dr. Sandeep Budhiraja, Group Medical Director at Max Healthcare, emphasized the seasonal nature of respiratory viruses, saying, “This Human Metapneumovirus is not a new virus. It has been in existence for many, many years. Normally, during winters, we see an increase in respiratory viruses, including influenza, rhinovirus, and HMPV. This is a common pattern we observe every year.”
Dr. Budhiraja shared findings from recent data at Max Healthcare: “In the last two weeks, we tested about 150 patients with respiratory symptoms. Out of these, only two tested positive for HMPV. This is consistent with the usual pattern we see during the flu season,” he explained, adding that most cases involved influenza and rhinovirus.
The absence of a vaccine or specific antiviral treatment means that managing HMPV largely involves supportive care. Treatments include staying hydrated, taking fever reducers like paracetamol or ibuprofen, and supplemental oxygen in severe cases.
Stressing the importance of isolation and preventive measures, Dr. Budhiraja said, “Like any flu virus, this spreads from person to person through sneezing or coughing. Isolation methods, wearing masks, and frequent handwashing are effective ways to control the spread.”
Learning from the COVID-19 pandemic, experts stress the need for vigilance and public awareness. Dr. Sunil Kumar remarked, “Continuous surveillance and public awareness are vital. Early detection, transparent communication, and adherence to preventive measures are key to mitigating the impact of HMPV.”
Dr. Jha concluded on a reassuring note: “Staying informed, taking precautions, and seeking medical care when necessary are the best ways to manage the situation. This virus has been part of the seasonal flu landscape for decades and does not pose a new or alarming threat.”
By adhering to preventive measures and being aware of its symptoms, individuals can effectively protect themselves and their loved ones during the flu season.
