Increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease and related disorders highlights need for preventive measures and equitable healthcare access
The issue of kidney health has gained significant attention worldwide, including in Kashmir, posing substantial challenges to the public health system. From chronic kidney disease (CKD) to kidney stones and infections, the spectrum of kidney disorders demands attention and proactive measures.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has reached epidemic proportions, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity contribute to its prevalence, necessitating early detection and management. The incidence of kidney stones is on the rise, causing excruciating pain and complications. Dietary habits, dehydration, and metabolic disorders play pivotal roles in stone formation, highlighting the importance of preventive measures. Acute Kidney Injury, often triggered by severe infections or medication toxicity, poses a grave threat, especially in hospitalized patients. Timely intervention is crucial to prevent irreversible renal damage. End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) imposes a heavy burden on healthcare systems, requiring dialysis or transplantation for survival. Limited access to renal replacement therapy exacerbates disparities in care, emphasizing the need for equitable healthcare delivery.
In Kashmir, a study conducted by the Department of Nephrology at Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS) Soura between 2012 and 2014 screened a total of 2,222 individuals. Among the participants, 58% were females, with a mean age of 44.5 years. The study found that 26.3% of the population had hypertension, 22.5% had prehypertension, and 8.6% were newly diagnosed with hypertension. CKD was diagnosed in 48 individuals, showing a prevalence of 2.2%. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was less than 60 ml/min in 8% of the population (178 individuals). Stage 3, 2, and 1 CKD were present in 85.2%, 14.3%, and 0.5% of cases, respectively. Furthermore, 15.6% of the population aged over 70 years had CKD, whereas none aged 30 years or younger had CKD. Hypertensive individuals also had significantly raised creatinine levels. The prevalence of low GFR was 9.4% in females compared to 6.1% in males, and 8% of the population had albuminuria.
The escalating burden of kidney diseases demands a multifaceted approach encompassing prevention, early intervention, and equitable access to care. By addressing modifiable risk factors, promoting healthy lifestyles, and fostering innovation in healthcare delivery, we can navigate the rising tide of kidney-related problems and safeguard public health for generations to come.
Every year, the world observes World Kidney Day on March 14th. This year’s theme, “Kidney Health for All – Advancing Equitable Access to Care and Optimal Medication Practice,” aims to raise awareness about the importance of kidney health, highlight the challenges faced by those with kidney diseases, and advocate for access to proper care and prevention strategies. With kidney diseases affecting millions of people worldwide, the significance of this day cannot be overstated.
The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood, regulating blood pressure, producing hormones, and maintaining electrolyte balance. When kidneys malfunction or fail, waste products and fluids can build up in the body, leading to serious health complications such as CKD, kidney stones, infections, and eventually, kidney failure. Poor kidney health is often linked to lifestyle factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and smoking. Additionally, certain genetic and environmental factors can increase the risk of developing kidney diseases. Given the crucial role kidneys play in overall health, preserving their function is essential for leading a long and healthy life.
Despite advancements in medical science, the prevalence of kidney diseases continues to rise globally. Several factors contribute to this concerning trend, and understanding these root causes is essential for effective prevention. CKD is a growing health concern in India, affecting an estimated 8-17% of the adult population. The prevalence of CKD is higher in urban areas compared to rural areas, primarily due to lifestyle factors such as unhealthy diets, sedentary lifestyles, and higher rates of diabetes and hypertension.
The Government of India has implemented various initiatives to address the growing burden of kidney diseases and improve kidney health nationwide. These initiatives focus on preventive measures, early detection, treatment, and enhancing access to care for individuals with kidney-related conditions. Key government initiatives in India include the National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS), the National Dialysis Program, the Pradhan Mantri National Dialysis Program (PMNDP), Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY), and the National Organ Transplant Program. These government initiatives collectively reflect a concerted effort to address the challenges associated with kidney diseases in India. By promoting preventive measures, improving access to care, and ensuring timely treatment, these programs aim to safeguard kidney health and enhance the well-being of the population.
In conclusion, prevention remains the cornerstone of promoting kidney health and reducing the burden of kidney diseases in India. By adopting healthy lifestyle habits, such as maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, managing chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, and staying hydrated, individuals can significantly lower their risk of developing kidney diseases. Early detection through regular health check-ups and screenings is also crucial, as it enables timely intervention and management of kidney-related conditions.
In addition, raising awareness about the importance of kidney health, promoting access to healthcare services, and advocating for policies that support preventive measures are essential components of a comprehensive approach to kidney disease prevention. By empowering individuals with knowledge and resources to protect their kidney health, we can work together to build a healthier future for generations to come.
The writer is a student of B.Sc Nursing (3rd Semester) at the Ramzaan College of Nursing Galandar Pulwama. He can be reached at [email protected]
