Beat coronary atherosclerosis with healthy diet, daily exercises, and by saying no to smoking

Coronary atherosclerosis is a condition characterised by the build-up of plaque in the coronary arteries (major arteries supplying to the heart), which can lead to heart attacks and other serious cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). “People  over 60 years, particularly men, are more vulnerable to coronary atherosclerosis,” says Dr Karthik Vasudevan, Chief of Interventional Cardiology and Heart Failure, Manipal Hospital Yeshwanthpur.

Dr Vasudevan adds, “Younger people, especially smokers, are also at significant risk. Additionally, a family history of premature coronary artery disease (heart attack in a father before age 50 or a mother before age 60) increases the risk for their children.” He suggests that adopting proper preventive strategies and managing atherosclerosis is crucial for maintaining heart health.  A healthy lifestyle is important to prevent and manage coronary atherosclerosis.

Dr Vasudevan suggests some key prevention and treatment measures:

Eat right: Following a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet is vital for heart health. Such a diet helps minimise the accumulation of plaque in the arteries, which can lead to coronary artery disease. Focus on introducing more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins into your meals.

Exercise matters: The American Heart Association recommends engaging in at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise five days a week. Regular physical activity not only helps maintain a healthy weight but also significantly lowers blood pressure and cholesterol levels, reducing the risk of heart disease.

Throw that butt: Smoking is a leading cause of heart attacks, especially in people under 50. Quitting smoking drastically reduces the risk of coronary artery disease. Public health campaigns highlight the severe impact of smoking on both heart health and well-being, thus emphasising the benefits of cessation.

Drink wisely: Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to high blood pressure and accelerate the atherosclerotic process. Drinking in moderation is essential to prevent these adverse effects and maintain a healthy heart.

Keep a check: Controlling underlying conditions such as diabetes and hypertension is vital for preventing the progression of atherosclerosis. For diabetics, maintaining an HbA1c level below 7 and keeping blood pressure within the normal range can significantly reduce cardiovascular risks.

Banish stress: Chronic stress is a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease. Adopting stress management techniques like yoga, meditation, and other relaxation practices can help lower this risk and contribute to your heart health.

Treatment and management:

Coronary atherosclerosis treatment varies by case severity. For acute heart attacks, primary angioplasty is the immediate go-to, mechanically opening the blocked artery and inserting a stent. Quick catheterisation lab access is crucial, as ‘time is muscle.’ For multiple significant blockages, bypass surgery may be required. Less severe blockages (under 60 percent) can be managed with medications and lifestyle changes.